Muscle strength was greater after L-BFR compared with L-CON intervention, whereas pain score was lower in the L-BFR than the H-RT intervention. Hence, L-BFR is a potential rehabilitation modality for patients with knee injuries. Most of the citizens have daily access to the internet, and Danes have a strong history of compliance with surveys. Frederiksberg Municipality was chosen for this study, being a very stable community with inhabitants rarely relocating. Inclusion criteria for the parent cohort study consisted of being between 60–69 years, living in the Municipality of Frederiksberg, being able to read and understand Danish, and having access to Digital Post.
In the aspect of diseased knee biomechanics, a lower knee flexion angle, walking speed, muscles strength, and a higher knee contact pressure were always observed. Understanding how pathologies affect the knee joint biomechanics is important for designing knee assistive devices and optimizing rehabilitation exercise program. However, the current understanding still has not met the requirement of a designer and rehabilitative physician. And it is hard to find a research that can systematic study all aspects of knee biomechanics completely.
The influences mainly contain the supporting body weight, the assisting lower limb swing, and the absorbing strike shock [3]. The movement biomechanics, as an important branch of biomechanics, studies the coordination of the bones, muscles, ligament, and tendons in various human movements [4]. The complex interaction of these structures allows the knee to withstand tremendous forces during various normal movements [1]. Therefore, it is an urgent need to study the movement biomechanics of the normal and diseased knee joint for the assistance or rehabilitation of human locomotor function. In the Framingham Study, subjects were asked about knee pain and had bilateral weight-bearing anteroposterior knee x-rays to define radiographic osteoarthritis.
**Knee pain** is a common ailment that can affect individuals of all ages and activity levels. Whether you are an athlete or simply someone who enjoys walking, knee pain can significantly impact your daily life. Understanding the causes of knee pain and how to effectively treat it is crucial for finding relief and preventing further injury.
In this cross-sectional study, based on 4292 elderly individuals from the Frederiksberg Cohort, 1758 reported knee pain with 570 reporting symptoms corresponding to knee OA. The prevalence of knee pain and knee OA in the whole Frederiksberg Cohort (8204) was estimated to be, respectively, 21.4% and 6.9%, which is a little lower than found in other studies [1,33,55]. The value of the clinical application of SPECT/CT in the diagnosis of loosening in painful knee arthroplasty was determined by analytically plotting a Fagan diagram (Fig. 7). Assuming a pretest probability of 50% for experiencing the pathological condition, SPECT/CT could accurately diagnose 92% of the patients when a positive result was present, and 12% of patients were misdiagnosed when a negative result was present. The LR dot plot shows the position in the upper right quadrant, indicating the confirmatory ability of the test in clinical practice (Fig. 8). To evaluate whether knee pain location can influence symptoms, functional status and knee-related quality of life in older adults with chronic knee pain.
A systematic review conducted by Williams et al. [9] included 75 studies involving 9,401 patients, which demonstrated the efficacy of CBT in the treatment of chronic pain in adults. Furthermore, some recent studies have demonstrated that CBT-based therapies can successfully reduce postoperative pain and pain catastrophizing levels, as well as enhance knee joint function following TKA [10, 11]. However, there are also studies indicating that CBT interventions may not improve postoperative pain and knee joint function compared to usual care [12]. Therefore, there is still controversy regarding the clinical efficacy of CBT for post-TKA. This systematic review was conducted with the primary aim of analysing the best written evidence regarding diagnostic tests using 99mTc-phosphate SPECT/CT in the evaluation of noninfected painful knee arthroplasty.
The meniscus-injured patients are often coupled with traumatic ACL injury and can increase the stress and reduce the stability of the knee joint during extension and flexion motions [89]. Many studies described that the secondary diseases, e.g., cartilage wear and KOA, can occur if not treated in time [87, 88, 97]. According to the injured degree, different treatments including conservative treatment, meniscus suture, and meniscectomy, can be selected.
Common Causes of Knee Pain
Also, while the original Cohort of the FOA Study was representative of the population-based Framingham Heart Study and the Community Cohort was representative of the population of Framingham, Massachusetts, some members of the Offspring Cohort were related to members of the Original Cohort. The Community Cohort in Framingham was recruited using random digit dialing and subjects were not selected on the basis of having knee or other joint problems (20). Finally, we cannot rule out birth cohort or generational effects as a possible explanation for the increasing prevalence in the reporting of knee pain over time. If this were the case, knee pain would be dependent on factors common to birth cohorts and not necessarily changing in a secular fashion. Lastly, subjects from the different Framingham cohorts may be biased representatives of knee pain prevalence from their parent cohorts and this bias may have changed with time, with those in later examinations more likely to be the ones with knee pain. We also acknowledge that in the Framingham Study, the increase in knee pain without a commensurate increase in radiographic osteoarthritis (KL≥2) or severe radiographic osteoarthritis (KL≥3) cannot be easily explained.
There are **numerous factors** that can lead to knee pain, including:
- **Injury**: Strains, sprains, tears, and fractures can all cause knee pain.
- **Arthritis**: Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and other types of arthritis can lead to knee pain and inflammation.
- **Overuse**: Excessive physical activity or repetitive motions can strain the knee joint and surrounding tissues.
- **Obesity**: Carrying excess weight puts added pressure on the knee joint, leading to pain and discomfort.
Treatment Options for Knee Pain
**Treatment for knee pain** will vary depending on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. Some common treatment options include:
- **Rest**: Giving your knee time to heal and avoiding activities that exacerbate the pain.
- **Physical Therapy**: Strengthening exercises and stretches can help improve knee function and reduce pain.
- **Medication**: Over-the-counter or prescription medications may be used to manage pain and inflammation.
- **Surgery**: In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to repair damage to the knee joint.
FAQs about Knee Pain
Q: When should I see a doctor for knee pain?
A: If your knee pain is severe, persistent, or accompanied by swelling, redness, or a popping sensation, it is important to seek medical attention.
Q: Can knee pain be prevented?
A: While some causes of knee pain cannot be prevented, maintaining a healthy weight, wearing supportive footwear, and avoiding high-impact activities can help reduce the risk of knee injuries.
By understanding the causes of knee pain and exploring effective treatment options, individuals can take control of their knee health and find relief from discomfort. Consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice and guidance on managing knee pain.
